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3.派生法:由词根(stems)加前缀(prefixes)和后缀(suffixes)构成新词。 ①前缀 a-(形容词;副词):asleep,arise, awake, abroad(在国外),alone(独自) co-(共同):co-exist, co-operate over-(过于):overdo, oversimplify anti-(反,防):anti-tank, anti-clockwise re-(重复;再):return, redesign, reunite, remarry(再婚) super-(超级,上层):superstar, superman, supermarket sub-(下面的):subway, subconscious tele-(远程):telephone, telegraph, telescope(望远镜) bi-(双):bicycle, bimonthly, bilingual mis-(误):mistake, misunderstand(误会) inter-(相互;之间):international, interrelation en-(使可能):encourage, enable(使成为可能) dis-(否定):disappear, disagree, discourage, disappoint, dishonest, in-/il-/im-/ir-(不;非):invisible(看不见的),illogical, illegal(非法的), impolite, impossible, irregular, irresponsible un-/non-(不;非):unfit, unfair, unknown, non-conductor(非导体) ②名词后缀 -er(……者):foreigner, thinker, swimmer, traveller -ese(……地方的人):chinese, portuguese, japanese -ian(精通……的人;……地方的人):musician, magician, physician, technician, russian -ist(专业人员):artist, specialist, pianist, physicist -ment(性质;状态):government, movement, argument, engagement, development -ion:expansion, discussion, decision -dom:freedom, kingdom -ance/ence:acceptance, allowance, dependence, confidence -ee:employee, interviewee, trainee -ness(性质;状态):business, happiness, greatness, illness, darkness -or(器具;……者):cooker, tractor, actor, visitor, professor -ship:friendship, leadership, hardship, scholarship -tion(动作;过程;结果):pollution, suggestion, invention ③形容词后缀 -al:practical, continual, educational, national -an:american, european, canadian, italian, australian -ern:southern, northern, eastern -ful:helpful, cheerful, grateful, useful, careful -ary:revolutionary, secondary, imaginary -ble:reasonable, horrible, comfortable, acceptable, terrible -ish:foolish, childish, swedish, british, english -ive:active, native, decisive, destructive, expensive -y:rainy, dirty, sleepy, healthy -less:careless, homeless, motherless, useless -ant:important, significant, ignorant -ous:serious, courageous, famous, continuous -some:troublesome, tiresome, handsome, lonesome ④动词、副词和数词后缀 -fy(使……化):simplify,beautify, amplify, satisfy, electrify -en(使……变得):strengthen, lengthen, widen -ize(使……成为):realize (实现),modernize, apologize, organize -ly(方式;程度):freely, badly, terribly, perfectly, truly, angrily -wise:clockwise, otherwise, likewise -ward(s)(方向):towards, backward, eastward, forward, outward -teen(十):fourteen, fifteen, eighteen -ty(整十位数):twenty, forty, thirty -th(序数词):twelfth, ninth, twentieth
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